Photocatalytic cleavage of C-F bonds in perfluorohexane and the organization of isoxazolines and alkenes

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Super-reduction of an anion by visible-light TEMPOOH catalyzed by a surface-selective poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

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Source: Photocatalytic low-temperature defluorination of PFASs

The Environ. Facts and figures of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in New Jersey soils

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Medicinal chemists are trying to make drug molecules that contain C–F bonds but can biodegrade safely once they leave the body. In some circumstances, PFAS have replaced other harmful chemicals — for example, outdated, ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants. Non-fluorinated refrigerants are also available, including ammonia and carbon dioxide, but large-scale roll out will need regulatory input.

Such bonds lie at the heart of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of compounds, numbering in the millions, that are remarkably water-, heat- and greaseproof. The invention of Teflon in the 1930s made pans non-stick and keep the rain off our jackets. Varieties of cosmetics, fire-retardant foam, kitchen utensils, metal coatings, packaging, textiles and more all contain them.

Chemical Cleansing: A Light-Driven Catalyst for Nano-scale Chemical Production and Implications for the Future of Organic Chemistry

The world is starting to act to stop forever chemicals from entering the environment and to clean them up already there. But more action is needed — and faster.

Both methods combine a catalyst with some relatively simple chemistry that is driven by visible light. The catalyst absorbs light and then makes a reaction.

The Colorado State University chemist, along with colleagues, use absorbed energy to decrease the C–F bond to carbon–hydrogen. In temperatures as low as 40 C, the chemist and his colleagues break the bond and the overall molecule down into smaller parts, using this energy. The papers mark a major step forward.

Next steps include use of these ideas in real-world settings, for example to develop catalysts that work in waste water or that can be used to clean up contaminated soils. A method can be adapted to be powered by sunlight.

The international agreement that regulates persistent organic pollutants is looking to update it’s list of banned substances.

The European proposal doesn’t extend to banning PFAS in applications like medicine or transport, for the simple reason that these chemicals are too useful and adequate alternatives aren’t yet found. The shelf life of the pharmaceuticals are dependent on the C–F bonds being stable.